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El alma del hombre bajo el socialismo

El alma del hombre bajo el socialismo

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  • Create Date：2022-09-17 03:42:50
  • Update Date：2025-09-23
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  • Author：Oscar Wilde
  • ISBN：8418741511
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Summary

«La principal ventaja de implantar el socialismo es， indudablemente， el hecho de que nos exoneraría de esa sórdida carga de tener que vivir para los demás»。 Oscar Wilde
En esta colección de ensayos de Oscar Wilde descubrimos una faceta un tanto olvidada del dramaturgo y narrador irlandés， que también rezuma ingenio y una asombrosa erudición。 En ellos se manifiestan con toda evidencia sus intereses históricos， filosóficos， políticos y estéticos， así como su incomparable talento para convertir el conocimiento en el placer intelectual más ameno。
Entre los textos más sugerentes reunidos en este libro destaca El alma del hombre bajo el socialismo， publicado en 1891 como una de las piezas más controvertidas y polémicas de su obra。 La etapa socialista de Oscar Wilde fue fugaz， lo que no impide que este opúsculo sea una pieza muy singular de su genio creativo: un texto que se integra en el género utópico， donde se proyecta un socialismo poco convencional que huye del marxismo o del anarquismo más revolucionario。 Para el autor， el sometimiento de un colectivo generará un nuevo individualismo por el cual el Estado no interferirá en la vida de sus ciudadanos y， aún menos， en la del artista， que gozará de plena libertad para crear。
El presente volumen refleja la original y ambiciosa contribución de Wilde como ensayista y crítico， con textos inéditos en español como En defensa de Dorian Gray （1890-1891） ―correspondencia del escritor en respuesta a las múltiples críticas que recibió su obra― o algunas de las reseñas literarias que publicó sobre los grandes pensadores de su tiempo。

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Reviews

g。 ，

é difícil acompanhar como wilde divaga pelas ideias nesse livro， misturando tanto sentimento com a política， mas gostei de certas passagens que me deixaram beeem pensativas， levando em consideração a época em que foram escritas。 em geral o livro é bem ok。

Seema Dubey ，

Wilde argues in favour of his version of Socialism， i。e。 a social system where every individual is allowed， encouraged and helped to reach his best potential- especially in artistic endeavours。 It's not a political system where the government by force imposes its will， but an installation of a social system where each human helps others and thus uplifts humanity to what's possible and desirable。 He argues against Charity comparing it to the kindness exhibited by the kindhearted slave owners- whe Wilde argues in favour of his version of Socialism， i。e。 a social system where every individual is allowed， encouraged and helped to reach his best potential- especially in artistic endeavours。 It's not a political system where the government by force imposes its will， but an installation of a social system where each human helps others and thus uplifts humanity to what's possible and desirable。 He argues against Charity comparing it to the kindness exhibited by the kindhearted slave owners- where the slaves， because of the good treatment meted out to them， couldn't figure out their own pathetic situation; and those fighting against slavery could not effectively counter it- thus prolonging a vile practice。 Wilde further argues that poverty is prevalent as little or no efforts are made by the capitalist to eliminate it; being satisfied in alleviating hardships in a piecemeal manner。 。。。more

Derek Kreider ，

I wasn't expecting what I read。 While there is plenty I disagree with， and plenty I think is idealistic， Wilde has a lot of very interesting insights and ideas that are worth contemplating， especially in regard to poverty and its impact。 I may not think Wilde's solution is spot on， but he is insightful into some of the ways in which we've been propagandized to think about wealth and property。 I also appreciated how Wilde was essentially espousing anarchism。 My problem with most socialists is tha I wasn't expecting what I read。 While there is plenty I disagree with， and plenty I think is idealistic， Wilde has a lot of very interesting insights and ideas that are worth contemplating， especially in regard to poverty and its impact。 I may not think Wilde's solution is spot on， but he is insightful into some of the ways in which we've been propagandized to think about wealth and property。 I also appreciated how Wilde was essentially espousing anarchism。 My problem with most socialists is that they hate the violence and oppression of the state， yet their solution is for the state to violently oppress everyone equally。 Wilde is at least consistent in recognizing that freedom should actually mean freedom， and therefore the state should be abolished for any consistent version of socialism。 。。。more

Pedro Angelico ，

If Oscar ruled the world and civilization followed his thought， we would be extinguished by now。 No wonder why he died impoverished。。。This essay/book is a rant on why he thinks socialism is great and that we should focus our lives in pleasure and art while the machines do everything for us。 He is arrogant， elitist and full of contradictions。Oscar thought that socialism leads to individualism and go hand by hand （maybe goes a little bit into anarquism without mention it）。 He has no idea about bas If Oscar ruled the world and civilization followed his thought， we would be extinguished by now。 No wonder why he died impoverished。。。This essay/book is a rant on why he thinks socialism is great and that we should focus our lives in pleasure and art while the machines do everything for us。 He is arrogant， elitist and full of contradictions。Oscar thought that socialism leads to individualism and go hand by hand （maybe goes a little bit into anarquism without mention it）。 He has no idea about basic economics but is undeniable that he is eloquent and makes good points when it comes to art and aesthetics。An 1800's hippie， against private property （calls it immoral）， against democracy。。。 。。。more

elsewhen and away ，

Word。4。5 stars。 I might come back and give it 5。

Andrew Ferguson ，

Oscar Wilde paradoxically couples socialism and utter disdain for working people in a meandering and self-aggrandising essay that would somehow characterise British socialism for the next 40 years。 His ideas， perhaps coincedentally， mirror concurrent Nietszche's equal disdain for the masses， except whereas Nietszche promoted hierarchies to manifest his egocentrism， Wilde just wanted to feel righteous and be left alone。 How does the artist， by virtue of their work， desert the political arena and Oscar Wilde paradoxically couples socialism and utter disdain for working people in a meandering and self-aggrandising essay that would somehow characterise British socialism for the next 40 years。 His ideas， perhaps coincedentally， mirror concurrent Nietszche's equal disdain for the masses， except whereas Nietszche promoted hierarchies to manifest his egocentrism， Wilde just wanted to feel righteous and be left alone。 How does the artist， by virtue of their work， desert the political arena and still vindicate their conscience？ Like this， I suppose。 。。。more

Tina ，

Me when i havent done the textbook readings and trying to bs my way out of an essay and hit word count:

Rafael Almada ，

I must say， I wish more leftist theorists wrote like Wilde does， it would make their texts much more approachable。 I like his view and interpretation of socialism， contrary to common sense， as a fundamentally individualistic ideology， and his anti-statist， anti-authoritarian views are very reminiscent of some latter anarchist thinkers。 Definitely recommend it。

Fatima Baria ，

hooked since the first page to the last！

Christina Geoghegan ，

https://www。youtube。com/watch？v=1kJUH。。。 https://www。youtube。com/watch？v=1kJUH。。。 。。。more

Christina Geoghegan ，

https://www。youtube。com/watch？v=1kJUH。。。 https://www。youtube。com/watch？v=1kJUH。。。 。。。more

Jinx ，

3。5 stars。 Many truly exquisite bits; also some rather disorganized and， one senses， overly personal complaining。 But the good parts are GOOD。

Sankeiy ，

The essay has good prose， and contributes， to a limited extent to living life with regard to "individualism" in the face of "authority"， the latter discussed in many forms。 But to spend a mere couple of paragraphs on materialism is severely deficient in my view。 It is not possible for an individual to fight out in the face of material adversity that late stage capitalism presents， and while Oscar Wilde knew this， he did not dwell sufficiently on this。 Nevertheless it does provide a unique analys The essay has good prose， and contributes， to a limited extent to living life with regard to "individualism" in the face of "authority"， the latter discussed in many forms。 But to spend a mere couple of paragraphs on materialism is severely deficient in my view。 It is not possible for an individual to fight out in the face of material adversity that late stage capitalism presents， and while Oscar Wilde knew this， he did not dwell sufficiently on this。 Nevertheless it does provide a unique analysis that perhaps takes readers to consider anarchism more thoughtfully。 。。。more

Aussiescribbler Aussiescribbler ，

When he wrote this essay， first published in 1891， Oscar Wilde was very optimistic about the ability of socialism to rid society of poverty， and advanced machinery to rid society of burdensome toil。 Or was he？ I don't know much about the context， but Wilde was a playful provocateur。 Perhaps by taking the promises made by socialists and running with them， he was trying to expose the fallacies of their thinking and explore what really might be necessary for an improvement in society。He claims that When he wrote this essay， first published in 1891， Oscar Wilde was very optimistic about the ability of socialism to rid society of poverty， and advanced machinery to rid society of burdensome toil。 Or was he？ I don't know much about the context， but Wilde was a playful provocateur。 Perhaps by taking the promises made by socialists and running with them， he was trying to expose the fallacies of their thinking and explore what really might be necessary for an improvement in society。He claims that the chief advantage of Socialism would be rescuing us from having to be concerned about alleviating the hardships of others。 Poverty might be ended without the need for charity， which is degrading to the recipient。What he means by socialism is the abolition of private property。 He is not simply talking about some extension of a state funded welfare system。 Of course he is writing well before the horrors which attended so many experiments with communism in the twentieth century。 So it is possible his optimism is genuine。We think of socialism as the surrender of the individual to the collective。 Irony is at the heart of Wilde's wit， and here the irony is that he takes the promised Utopia of Socialism and explains how it can only succeed if it leads to the full flowering of Individualism。The reason to abolish private property is that its protection and maintenance distracts us from cultivating our Individuality。 The more we are our property the less we are ourselves。His vision of socialism is more like anarchism。 All forms of authority will cease and along with them all forms of punishment。He turns to the teachings of Jesus， which he presents also as a call to Individualism。It is common for people to wrongly associate Jesus' teachings with Socialism。 There is a huge difference between appealing to one's followers to voluntarily help the poor and advocating that the state should force them to do so。 Wilde isn't saying that Jesus was a Socialist。 He's merely saying that Jesus advocated Individualism and asserting the opinion that Socialism， if properly pursued， would lead to greater Individualism。He adds that Individualism would end family life， but that this would make the love of a man and a woman more than it has been， the implication being that that which is enforced is less genuine。 Again he appeals to Jesus' refusal to recognise the members of his own family。In the latter part of the essay， Wilde turns to literary criticism to show how hard it is for Individualism to find acceptance in various written forms。Wilde's take on things may tend to be unrealistic。 He argues ending private property will end crime。 But in the broad strokes of his thesis is much food for thought。It makes sense that a peaceful， cooperative and loving society， if such a thing is possible， would have to be made up of those in whom Individuality has found an unhindered expression。 We can see an apt analogy in nature。 A thriving healthy group of plants or animals are those least impeded in following their instincts。Is a society possible where everyone is free from impositions on their Individuality and yet cooperation allows for the practical solution of the problems facing the group？I think so， but the process to get there will not be easy as the healthy loving impulses are often buried beneath much resentment。The abolition of private property is impractical because it requires either the consent or the control of the masses。 On the other hand， Wilde is right that Individualism is the answer。 The way to achieve it is through a mixture of assertion and healing。 Strength and soundness are needed to stand firm in the face of all that opposes it。 This is where Wilde's pointing to Jesus is so relevant。 We don't need screwed up people uninhibitedly living out their reckless disregard for the well-being of themselves or others。 Of course， we might see that they are not Individuals， because they are more of a programmed expression of those who have damaged them than of their authentic self。 But we need a path of healing and it may be that the words of Jesus， rather than those of Socialists， have the ability to provide it。Anyway， there is much to recommend Wilde's vision :"For what man has sought for is indeed， neither pain nor pleasure， but simply Life。 Man has sought to live intensely， fully， perfectly。 When he can do so without exercising restraint on others， or suffering it ever， and his activities are all pleasurable to him， he will be saner， healthier， more civilised， more himself。 Pleasure is Nature's test， her sign of approval。 When man is happy， he is in harmony with himself and his environment。" 。。。more

Ia ，

1st half of this book is the communist manifesto if it was for girls who want rent controlled apartments intead of boys who like WWII。

Elda ，

Οσκαρ αγαπη μου απλά μιλας για αναρχία

Daniel Costea ，

As good of an essayist as any other。 Easily more intelligent and masculine than James Baldwin。

Myhte ，

With the abolition of private property， then， we shall have true， beautiful， healthy Individualism。 Nobody will waste his life in accumulating things， and the symbols for things。 One will live。 To live is the rarest thing in the world。 Most people exist， that is all。Know thyself' was written over the portal of the antique world。 Over the portal of the new world， 'Be thyself' shall be written。 A map of the world that does not include Utopia is not worth even glancing at， for it leaves out the one With the abolition of private property， then， we shall have true， beautiful， healthy Individualism。 Nobody will waste his life in accumulating things， and the symbols for things。 One will live。 To live is the rarest thing in the world。 Most people exist， that is all。Know thyself' was written over the portal of the antique world。 Over the portal of the new world， 'Be thyself' shall be written。 A map of the world that does not include Utopia is not worth even glancing at， for it leaves out the one country at which Humanity is always landing。 And when Humanity lands there， it looks out， and， seeing a better country， sets sail。 Progress is the realisation of Utopias。There is soul in them and around them。 They are interpretative and symbolic。 And he who made them， those wonderful quickly-moving figures， made them for his own pleasure， and has never asked the public what they wanted， has never cared to know what they wanted， has never allowed the public to dictate to him or influence him in any way， but has gone on intensifying his own personality， and producing his own individual work。 At first none came to him。 That did not matter。 Then the few came to him。 That did not change him。 The many have come now。 He is still the same。 He's an incomparable novelist。man reaches his perfection， not through what he has， not even through what he does， but entirely through what he is。Art is the most intense mode of Individualism that the world has known。 I am inclined to say that it is the only real mode of Individualism that the world has known。 。。。more

Oliwia Nowicka ，

oceną jestem gdzieś po środku。 w dużej mierze zgadzam się z różnymi przemyśleniami w kwestii sztuki， świata artystycznego in general。 za to w sferach czysto politycznych często się rozjeżdżaliśmy， nieraz irytowało mnie takie bardzo naciągane myślenie życzeniowe。 ale ogólnie dużo lepsze odczucia niż się spodziewałam！

Viktoria ，

2，5⭐️

Charlie ，

Really great writing on the relationship between art， the artist， and individualism

Sia K。 ，

Πολύ τον αγαπώ τον Όσκαρ Ουάιλντ。 Μου αρέσουν οι απόψεις του， διαβάζοντας το βιβλιο είναι σαν να συνομιλώ μαζί του， αναρωτιέμαι και τσακ μου απαντά。Ο τίτλος δεν είναι τόσο αντιπροσωπευτικος γιατί πραγματευεται τον Ατομικισμο κάνοντας μια ευρεία αναφορά τόσο στον σοσιαλισμό όσο και στην τέχνη και την θρησκεία。 Άρα θα το θεωρούσα ένα δοκίμιο περί Ατομικισμού。Αξίζει τον κόπο να διαβαστεί και να ξαναδιαβαστει。

Juergen John Roscher ，

Wilde is a great play writer and novelist， but his book on socialism is so bad that it is comical。 His whole premises is that socialism promotes individualism。 I see the exact opposite that socialism promotes the collective， government dominance， and dependency。 His understanding of Christ was significantly different than what I have learned from my individual study。 His take on Christ was foreign and wrong。I love to read Oscar Wilde's fiction but I will steer clear of his non-fiction。 Wilde is a great play writer and novelist， but his book on socialism is so bad that it is comical。 His whole premises is that socialism promotes individualism。 I see the exact opposite that socialism promotes the collective， government dominance， and dependency。 His understanding of Christ was significantly different than what I have learned from my individual study。 His take on Christ was foreign and wrong。I love to read Oscar Wilde's fiction but I will steer clear of his non-fiction。 。。。more

Courtney ，

Oscar Wilde really woke up and chose violence， but you know what？ He’s got a point。

Song ，

Selfishness is not living as ones wish to live。 It is to ask others to live as one wishes to live。It requires more unselfishness to sympathize with success than with sufferings。Democracy simply means the burgeoning of the people by the people for the people。

clara ，

nice writing & interesting opinion wilde my man👍 however not all problems can be solved with individualism/socialism

Annalisa ，

Actual rating: 3。5

phoebe ，

slay oscar

Natalia ，

oscar wilde >>>>>

Yulidsa Bedoya Zúñiga ，

This book is more so an exploration of individualism and art than anything else。 That undoubtedly relates to socialism since it becomes an exploration of the antagonization of our pleasurable activities by our economic ones really fast。 An interesting view of a capitalist economy from an artist's point of view。 This book is a really good read IF you are ready to take it with a huge pinch of salt。 Since this book was written before any socialist government got a chance to try itself out （and let' This book is more so an exploration of individualism and art than anything else。 That undoubtedly relates to socialism since it becomes an exploration of the antagonization of our pleasurable activities by our economic ones really fast。 An interesting view of a capitalist economy from an artist's point of view。 This book is a really good read IF you are ready to take it with a huge pinch of salt。 Since this book was written before any socialist government got a chance to try itself out （and let's be honest， fail as strepitously as capitalist ones have all throughout history） it is *very* idealistic。 Despite that in political accuracy it is somewhat of a miss since many of the problems Wilde points out in capitalist structures persisted in socialist ones， it remains a very valid analysis of 1） how art and money have always had （and will always have） a very violent sort of parallel existence， 2） how authority is opposite to the true values of socialism and individualism （Oscar Wilde would be。。。 appalled。。。 to see how socialist nations turned out） and， of course， 3） how art and the public will forever have a complicated relationship when we speak of money， authority， and judgment。 A worthwhile read that might make you realize that even after all this time， we continue to lose the battle against ourselves in our collective pursuit of happiness and beauty。 。。。more

Reference

google book https://www.google.com/search?tbm=bks&q=El alma del hombre bajo el socialismo

hathitrust digital library https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/ls?q1=El alma del hombre bajo el socialismo&field1=ocr&a=srchls&ft=ft&lmt=ft

The British Library https://bll01.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/discovery/search?query=any,contains,El alma del hombre bajo el socialismo&tab=LibraryCatalog&search_scope=Not_BL_Suppress&vid=44BL_INST:BLL01&lang=en&offset=0